THE AMBULANCE GALLERY

Passenger-car based ambulances, like these pictured, played a vital role in medical and emergency care for most of the 20th Century, evolving from the days of the horse-drawn ambulances.  The last ambulance produced on a passenger car chassis was a 1979 Superior Cadillac Transport Ambulance from Superior Coach of Lima, Ohio, delivered to a private owner in 1980. It is pictured in this gallery.

The earliest ambulances were horse-drawn.  This is a faithful reproduction of an 1800s horse-drawn ambulance.  The goal was not medical care, it was to get the sick and injured to the doctor or the hospital as fast as possible.  Although medical care evolved, this theory continued well into the 1970s.	This white Packard ambulance is representative of the ambulances used in the 1930s and 40s.  The white color was equated with crisp, clean and sterile.  The large, powerful cars allowed for the fastest transport to the nearest hospital.  Medical care on the scene was still a generation away.	Not every ambulance was a large Cadillac or Packard.  This 1954 Ford would have done the job at an economy price.	Ambulances were increasing in sophistication and height, as this 54" inside height red-and-white Eureka ambulance shows.
A low-top ambulance, typical of those used in many communities, in the 1960s and 1970s.  This was a Chicago Fire Dept. unit, in their traditional red-and-black color scheme.	The mid-1970s saw larger and more massive Cadillac ambulances produced, like this last-generation 1976  Cadillac Criterion Ambulance.	In the late 1970s, ambulance regulations made a drastic change and spelled the demise of the professional car based ambulances of the better part of the 20th century.  This 1979 Cadillac ambulance is the very last Cadillac ambulance produced.  Northland Chapter member Dr. David Richards owns this car today.	This is an ambulance, just not a professional car ambulance!  Today's truck platform ambulances bear little resemblance, other than color, and the caring professionals who staff them, to the professional car based ambulances of the past.  (Courtesy, Huntington Beach FD).

THE HEARSE GALLERY

The stately car at the head of the funeral procession is usually referred to as the "hearse."  Sometimes, the term "funeral coach," "casket coach,"  or just "the coach" is used instead of hearse.  Regardless of the name, the obvious function is the same. Master craftsmen (and women, too) have, for over 100 years, built special automobiles suited to just this purpose.  Many years ago, there were dozens of coachbuilding companies, small and large.  Today there are a handful.  Here's a look at hearses through the years.

The era of horse-drawn hearses begins with the era of using horses to pull wagons, and ended with the use and acceptance of the automobile in the late teens and early 1920s.  This 1900 horse-drawn is typical of the solemnity of hearses of that era.	After automobiles were deemed "suitable" for funeral transportation, the manufacturers of horse-drawn hearses began building motorized hearses.	The 1930s and 40s saw many changes in automobile design, and the design of hearses changed, too.  This 1939 Packard hearse displays sides carved to look like elaborate draperies.	The 1950s brought unprecedented changes to the cars in our driveways, and the cars in the funeral director's driveway too.  This 1954 Cadillac displays the landau bows that have come to symbolize hearses today.
1959 Cadillacs represented the height of excess, especially in the fin department.  This Superior hearse shows how creative coachbuilders had become with hearse styling.	After the era of the fin, when higher was better, hearses returned to a somewhat subdued style. At the end of the 1960s, this 1969 Cadillac in silver and and black shows a popular color choice as funeral directors moved away from all black cars.	1970s-1990s saw a further changes in automobiles as the cars we drive became smaller, and many had front wheel drive.  This 1988 Buick hearse is both, but still retains the room and identity need for a funeral coach.	Hearses today can be any color, and not necessarily traditonal in design, as this new Eagle Eschelon shows with a painted top, stylized landau bows and uniquely curved windows.  Not visible is the sunroof in the casket compartment.  Price?  a hair over $90,000.

THE COMBINATION COACH GALLERY

The most versatile car in the motor fleet was usually the combination.  Part hearse : Part Ambulance : All useful!  A simple conversion of the inside of the hearse floor, an ambulance sign in the window, attach a rotating beacon ray to the roof and hit the switch for the hidden under-hood siren, and the funeral home's hearse became the community's ambulance.  Another type of combination car is the sedan-ambulance, which is covered in another gallery.  Much like car-bodied ambulances, the combination coach became obsolete with the advent of modern emergency-rooms-on-wheels type ambulances and commercial ambulance services.  The last combination coaches were built in the mid 1980s.  One is pictured at the end of this gallery.

This view of a late 1930s combination shows that washable floors and walls were not a concern.  Burgundy mohair upholstery and drapes lined the interior.	The interior of a 1958 combination set up for ambulance duty, with a a cot and jump seats for the ambulance attendant.	Combination coaches resembled hearses more so than ambulances.  This 1959 Buick looks more like a funeral vehicle than speedy transport for the sick to the hospital.	This gold combination was built on an 1964 Oldsmobile chassis and offered the same versatility as the more expensive Cadillac combination coaches.
A combination car with without the landau panels resembles a limousine-style hearse.	This 1968 combination coach is shown in funeral coach attire, with the landau panels covering the windows and no beacon to top.	The 1970s brought new designs and colors to funeral coach manufacturers and, consequently, to the combination cars.  This 1973 is a pink champagne color.	The last combination cars built were a pair of 1985 Bayliff Packards, custom built for the Long and Folk Funeral Homes in Ohio.

THE LIMOUSINE GALLERY

In years past, Limousines were for the wealthy or the mourning.  They were stately conveyances of a premium brand like Cadillac, Lincoln or Packard, and the most expensive cars available.  Most funeral homes had one, city livery services had many.  Those in private service to families or for hire always turned heads with people wondering, "What important person was in that limo?"  Limousine use has evolved over the years, and limousines in large cities seldom warrant a second look. Limousines take baseball fans to games, women to bachelorette parties, and kids to proms.  But, back in the day, they were THE car to be seen in.

This Packard limousine exudes the qualities expected:  luxury and privacy.	It wasn't easy to make the flamboyant 1959 Cadillac limousine look dignified, but Cadillac did their best.	Here's a limousine that is neither a Cadillac nor a quiet, reserved color!  This 1966 Oldsmobile 98 limousine did the work of a Cadillac, but at a more "reasonable" price.	The most visible limousine in the United States is the Presidential Limousine.  This 1961 Lincoln Limousine was a silent witness to the events in Dallas in 1963.
For three generations, the Cadillac factory produced a 4-door limousine with jump seats.  These Cadillac limousines dominated the limousine market, with only a few challengers.  They were stately transportation without being over-done.	In the 1980s and 90s, Lincoln chassis were welcomed by the limousine builders as an alternative to the Cadillac chassis.	Today's funeral limousines maintain what was started in the mid-1970s:  6 doors, three bench seats, seating for 8+driver.  This 2007 Cadillac in gold no doubt matches a funeral director's fleet colors.	Today's luxury/party limousines are more than just convenient transportation with a driver; they are huge rolling entertainment palaces with bars, mirrors, lights, stereos, TVs, DVD players and sunroofs.  They are still professional cars, though! (photo courtesy of LCW)

THE FLOWER CAR GALLERY

Flower cars are among the most rare of professional cars.  In any given year there were maybe a handful produced.  Some years, there was one or two; some years none.  Flower cars came into being as an answer to the funeral director's problem of getting the floral offerings from one place to another with an extra dash of style.  Most flower cars are also designed to carry a casket beneath the flower deck however there were (and are) flower cars made that are strictly that:  cars for flowers.  From the Packard flower cars of the 1930s to the 2008 flower cars of today, the automotive styles may have changed, but the class of a flower car hasn't diminished one bit.

Packard Flower Cars were the profession's first and set the standards by which all others were judged.  This 1938 flower car was a first-generation flower car.	The interior of a flower car, showing the casket compartment.	Flower cars are among the most colorful of the funeral cars.  Funeral Directors who buy flower cars usually have them painted their fleet color, which is usually not black.  This 1959 Cadillac flower car is a paler shade of green.	A bronze flower car from the early 1970s exhibits the same basic style as flower cars before and since.
Seven-Up Green is a color used by a Chicago area funeral home.  Their livery is very distinct and they usually have a flower car in their processions.	With the downsizing of the Cadillacs in the late 1980s, flower cars shrunk, too.	This 2007 flower car is designed to carry flowers only, not a casket.  A Cadillac sedan is modified to accommodate the deep flower well.	A 2008 Flower car in your choice of colors on a Cadillac chassis can be yours for just over $100,000.

SERVICE CARS AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL CARS GALLERY

There are other vehicles that are professional cars, too.  These include special purpose vehicles like service cars which were made to be used for removals, chair deliveries and other funeral home chores; sedan ambulances which converted from a sedan to a vehicle capable of holding a cot and used as an ambulance; and in the last 20 years vans that are based on passenger car chassis, such as the Dodge, Chevrolet and Chrysler minivan hearses and removal vehicles that have become more popular with funeral directors.  These vans have become the "service cars" of today.

A 1930s Ford service car looked nearly as dignified as a hearse, but was much more versatile.	This 1960 Chevrolet Service Car was ready for any chore that the funeral home's hearse was too good to do!	An Oakland sedan ambulance, capable of carrying a patient on a cot on the passenger side of the vehicle.	This Chrysler sedan-ambulance is stretched to allow room for the cot to be transported on the passenger side of the car.  It is very well marked with large light/siren pods mounted to the roof.
Some of the most interesting professional cars are the very limited production ones.  Very few of these stretched custom Mercury station wagons, disguised as a Lincoln, were made.	Even the Checker Aerobus is a professional car!  These were designed to take many passengers and their luggage to and from airports, in an era before the shuttle buses of today.	One of the most interesting cars of the 1950s were the "Broadmoors," specially converted Cadillacs used by the Broodmoor Hotel in Colorado to ferry their guests to and from the hotel in absolute style.	A 2008 Chrysler Town & Country funeral van conversion does the duties of a Cadillac hearse at less than half the price.

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